Speaking the Unspeakable

A Socio-Cultural Analysis of Tabooed Language in Shona

Abstract

This article discusses tabooed language in Shona, a Bantu language spoken in Zimbabwe. The Shona society, like any other society, has an unwritten code of behavior which spells out acceptable and unacceptable behavior and speech, particularly in the public space so that one’s behavior and speech does not cause discomfort to the listeners. Taboos are a linguistic universal; different cultures have categories of words which are not spoken in public but are known to exist. That goes to show that no culture uses language uninhibitedly (Wardhaugh 1998: 236). In the Shona society, there are some topics that are regarded as sacrosanct and are known to exist in the language but are not to be spoken about publicly. However, there are some individuals who may break the code of behavior and use tabooed language. Employing a qualitative approach, the study used interviews, observations and focus group discussions to solicit for information. This article undertakes a socio-cultural analysis of the categories of tabooed language in Shona within the paradigms of cognitive grammar. It is evident that in the Shona society taboo language still holds an important place in as far as everyday communication and interaction is concerned. Euphemisms still remain valid and they are a reflection of the change and dynamism characterizing the Shona society in this contemporary dispensation.