Human-Wildlife Conflict in Gachegache, Zimbabwe: Climate Change, Water Scarcity, and Sustainable Community Conservation Strategies.

Abstract

This study explored the relationship between climate change, water scarcity, and human-wildlife conflict (HWC) in Gache Gache, Zimbabwe, with a focus on sustainable community conservation strategies acknowledging the inseparable link between ecological systems and human livelihoods. Wildlife migration patterns have become increasingly unpredictable, leading to intensified competition for resources and heightened conflict. While community-based conservation strategies provide a foundation for coexistence, their effectiveness remains limited by inconsistent implementation, financial constraints, and a lack of local ownership. Governance structures continue to be a significant barrier, as weak institutional support and inefficient resource allocation hinder progress in conservation efforts. Greater community engagement, adaptive governance, and sustained investment in conservation initiatives are essential for fostering long-term human-wildlife coexistence. Addressing these challenges requires a shift towards more inclusive decision-making processes, where local communities are active stakeholders rather than passive recipients of externally driven conservation policies. A holistic approach that integrates ecological sustainability with social and economic empowerment will be critical in mitigating human-wildlife conflict and ensuring resilience in conservation efforts. HWC, evaluate the effectiveness of community-based conservation (CBC) strategies, and examine the role of governance, resource allocation, and community engagement in HWC mitigation. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions to gather data from key stakeholders, including community members, conservation officers, and policymakers. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the findings. The study concludes that while CBC strategies have shown potential in reducing HWC, their effectiveness is hindered by governance challenges, limited financial resources, and inadequate local participation. Climate-induced water scarcity continues to exacerbate conflicts as wildlife encroaches into human settlements in search of resources. To address these challenges, the study recommends strengthening conservation governance, increasing financial and technical support for community initiatives, enhancing local participation in conservation decision-making, and integrating HWC mitigation into broader climate adaptation policies. A holistic and adaptive approach is essential for fostering long-term coexistence between human populations and wildlife in Gache Gache.